The four tropical depressions that did not developed were number 1, 2, 4 and 9.
The first tropical depression of the season originated in the afternoon of June 7 in the Gulf of Campeche and vanished in the afternoon of the following day in that area. Tropical depression No. 2 was formed about 3200 kilometers to the east of Barbados, southern group of the Lesser Antilles, in the morning of June 24 and in the afternoon of the 25 it degenerated into a tropical wave. The classification of that depression in such a distant area of the Atlantic and at that date of the year it is not a frequent fact.
Tropical depression No. 4 had its origin in the morning of August 9 in the sea to the north and near the Northern Bahamas and it vanished in the night of the 10 on the same area. Tropical depression No. 9 originated in the first hours of the night of September 8 in the northwest portion of the Gulf of Mexico and it dissipated quickly in the dawn of the day 9.
The general characteristics of each one of the tropical depressions that reached the category of tropical storm at least are presented next:
August 4 - 23
Tropical depression number 3 formed in a strong tropical wave in the dawn of August 4, about 290 kilometers to the South-southeast of the islands of Cabo Verde. The cloudy pattern associated to the depression in hours of the morning that day was characterized by presenting convective bands, that allowed classifying it as tropical storm Alberto.
With a main component of the movement to the West-northwest the storm continued gaining in organization and intensity and in the afternoon of the day 5 it classified as a hurricane. That afternoon it showed precursory signs of the formation of an eye, but the outflow mechanism was not yet very well defined.
During the day 6 Alberto moved over relatively cold water that limited its intensification process, making slower the gain in intensity. The outflow mechanism kept improving; however, the eye that was shown very well defined in the morning began to become diffuse towards noon. In its advance to the West-northwest it ran into a hostile environment, with a strong vertical shear from the Southwest that began to weaken the system from the night of the day 7.
In the morning of the 8 it turned its trajectory to the northwest. The high shear and the relatively cold water where it moved over continued weakening the hurricane, being classified in the night of that same day as a tropical storm. On the day 9 it began to transit on warmer water and an upper low that was Southwest of it pulled it to the northwest. This day the cloudy pattern associated to the storm was better organized, with an increment of the deep convection in its central region and again it was classified as hurricane in the afternoon. The 10 on the afternoon, the eye of the hurricane was again identifiable. In the night, when the flow from the east stopped the influence of the upper low, the cloud pattern's appearance improved, showing an excellent outflow so it won lightly in intensity.
In the dawn of the 11 it turned its trajectory further to the north, presenting a large eye. From the end of the morning it began to move toward the first quadrant. In the morning of the 12 Alberto reached the maximum intensity of 205 km/h and the minimum central pressure of 950 hPa (category 3 of Saffir–Simpson). In Fig. 2 the cloudy pattern associated to the hurricane in the moments of maximum intensity is presented.
Absorbed in a flow of the Southwest, to the north of the subtropical anticyclone ridge, the hurricane continued moving to the northeast on colder water and it went into in an atmosphere where the western shear was strong. These conditions propitiated that Alberto lost the category 3 in the night of the 12 and in the morning of the 14 that of hurricane. From the night of the 13 it inclined its trajectory toward the east and during the 14 it kept interacting with a frontal cloudy band, gradually disappearing the deep convection. From the night of this day it began to lose in latitude and to describe an anticyclone loop when moving around the periphery of an anticyclone of the mean levels.
In the morning of the 15 the field of wind was extensive and the convection minimum, so it was difficult to identify as a tropical system. In the afternoon it became independent of the baroclinic area and the following day in the afternoon it showed again the typical appearance of a hurricane. The day 17 it turned its trajectory to the west and it started gradually gaining intensity. The following day it moved to the northwest and for the third time it reached the hurricane category in hours of the morning. Characterized by presenting an eye of big dimensions (diameter superior to 55 kilometers), on the afternoon of the 18 hurricane Alberto directed its course toward the north more slowly. In the afternoon of the 19 the intensity arrived to the superior limit of the category 2, with maximum winds of 175 km/h and a minimum central pressure of 966 hPa.
Fig. 2. Hurricane Alberto. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, August 12 of 2000 to the 12:15 UTC.
With a slight loss in intensity, in the dawn of the day 21 Alberto, when moving toward the North-northeast closed the loop that it had been describing. In the morning of that day it began to accelerate. On the 22 it continued weakening and it was downgraded to tropical storm in the night. Finally with quick movement and direction between the North-northeast and northeast it lost its tropical characteristics, when it was at about 1250 km to the South-southeast of Raykjavik, Iceland.
August 13–15
Tropical depression number 5 was formed in the sinus of a tropical wave in the afternoon of August 13 about 535 kilometers southeast of Brownsville, Texas. During the dawn of the 14 the depression experienced a sudden increment of the convection and in the morning a reconnaissance aircraft reported winds of up to 98 km/h at the level of flight, what allowed classifying it as tropical storm. From the noon the area of deep convection began to weaken and the cloudy pattern to disorganize.
Beryl moved with a basic trend to the West-northwest and made landfall by dawn of the 15 to the north and near La Pesca, northeast end of Mexico. In the morning of the 15 it was classified as tropical depression and on its journey over Mexican territory it continued weakening until its dissipation.
This storm had maximum sustained winds of 85 km/h and a minimum central pressure of 1007 hPa. In the Fig. 3 you can appreciate the extensive area of deep convection associated to Beryl in the morning of August 14.
Fig. 3. Tropical storm Beryl. Vis. image from Satellite GOES-8, August 14 of 2000 13:15 UTC.
August 17–19
Tropical depression number 6 formed in a tropical wave in the afternoon of August 17 at about 890 kilometers to the east of Guadalupe, Lesser Antilles. In the morning of the 18 the deep convection surrounded the center of the system (see Fig. 4) and it was classified as a tropical storm. However, in the afternoon the cloudy pattern was less organized and a reconnaissance aircraft was not able to find winds that surpassed 45 km/h. the reported minimum central pressure was of 1011 hPa. This motivated that it was degraded to tropical depression in the night of that same day.
The depression, which moved in an atmosphere of high shear, continued weakening. In the morning of the 19 it was only identified as an area of low pressure and a small vortex of low clouds to the Southwest of the main area of convection. Chris dissipated to the northeast and near the north group of the Lesser Antilles.
This storm of ephemeral life maintained a trend of course basically between the West-northwest and the northwest and it reached maximum sustained wind of up to 65 km/h, with a central pressure of 1005 hPa in the morning of the 18.
Fig. 4. Tropical storm Chris. Vis. image of Satellite GOES-8, August 18 of 2000 12:15 UTC.
19–24 August
Tropical depression number 7 had its origin in a tropical wave in the afternoon of August 19 about 1525 kilometers east of the Lesser Antilles. With quick movement to the West-northwest, the depression continued its development process and the following day in the morning it was classified as a tropical storm. On the 21 it stayed with the same direction and speed, gaining in intensity, although the circulation center was sheared to the west of the deep convection zone.
In the dawn of the 22 it was upgraded to hurricane according to the data reported by a reconnaissance aircraft, while it was southeast and near Barbados. That dawn it moved very close to the islands St. Barthelemy, St. Marteen and Anguilla and in the morning by the Virgin Islands. On Fig. 5 the convective cloud pattern associated to Debby and the outflow mechanism very well structured to the north that it presented that morning can be observed. In hours of the afternoon the center of Debby passed near the north coast of Puerto Rico, describing a trajectory something more bowed toward the west. The images of San Juan's radar, Puerto Rico, showed with clarity a ripped eye (Images from the radar of San Juan, Puerto Rico, extracted of Intellicast.com)
From the dawn of the 23 it moved over the water to the north and near the Dominican Republic. The hurricane was running into an atmosphere where the flow from the Southwest on the upper troposphere was strong. This situation caused the cloud pattern's deformation, given by the displacement toward the northeast from the center position on surface, of the circulation of mean levels and the deeper convection associated to the hurricane. The high shear in that part of the troposphere together with the unfavorable influence of the mountainous chain of La Española, caused a loss in the intensity, for what it was classified in the morning as tropical storm. In the afternoon it turned its trajectory to the west moving along the north coast of Haiti, where it lost even more intensity.
Fig. 5. Hurricane Debby. Vis. Image of Satellite GOES-8, August 22 of 2000 14:45 UTC.
The displacement toward the west of storm Debby, caused by the presence of the subtropical ridge to the north, took it on the night of the 23 to the sea south and very near the province of Guantánamo.
During the pass of Debby by the proximity of Guantánamo maximum sustained winds were reported in Maisí between 47–50 km/h, with gusts of up to 68 km/h. At Baracoa there was swell with some coastal floods. The most interesting rainfall accumulates in 24 hours in that county were: 82 mm at San Antonio del Sur, 65 mm at Maisí, 58 mm at Imias and 55 mm in the city of Guantánamo.
In the dawn of the 24 it went by the sea to the south of the province of Santiago de Cuba, very weakened and without producing any rainfall of interest. In hours of the morning of the 24 a reconnaissance aircraft could not find a closed circulation, being represented in the surface charts as a tropical wave with the axis extended on to the oriental region of Cuba and the Central Caribbean. The mountainous system of the oriental end of Cuba also added to the group of factors that propitiated the dissipation of Debby
This hurricane reached maximum sustained winds of 120 km/h and the minimum central pressure of 991 hPa. It was also characterized by its quick movement and to present a sheared cloud pattern during great part of its life.
September 1–3
Tropical depression number 8 originated in a tropical wave in the night of the first day of September about 1360 kilometers to the east of the Lesser Antilles. In the dawn of the 2 the increment of the convection near the center in the low levels allowed to classify the system as a tropical storm (see Fig. 6). Meanwhile, strong currents from the south sheared the storm in its south portion. In the morning the circulation center in the low levels was not very well defined and it was located more to the north.
An upper level trough in the Oriental Caribbean, not very common at this time of the year, maintained a strong shear, what caused Ernesto’s total weakening in the afternoon of the day 3 to the East-northeast of the north group of the Lesser Antilles. In the afternoon images of the satellite a closed circulation was not appreciated, for what it was downgraded to a tropical wave.
Ernesto had maximum sustained winds of 65 km/h and a minimum central pressure of 1005 hPa.
Fig. 6. Tropical storm Ernesto. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, September 2 of 2000 09:45 UTC.
September 11 - 17
Tropical depression number 10 was formed in the morning of September 11 in an area of low pressure about 765 kilometers to the West-southwest of the Bermuda islands. The depression was absorbed in an upper low that sheared and limited its outflow in the upper levels. Nevertheless, in hours of the afternoon a reconnaissance aircraft reported maximum sustained winds of up to 110 km/h at a height 1000 feet, what allowed classifying it as tropical storm.
The tropical storm continued its intensification process when the shear diminished and in the afternoon of the 12 it reached the hurricane category. To this process, one of weakening continued so it was degraded to tropical storm in the afternoon of the 13. The weakening manifested until the morning of the 15, was the result of the influence of a strong shear caused by a short wave in the upper levels.
Florence remained quasistationary since its formation, caught in a current of weak haulage between two anticyclone centers located to the northwest and southeast. From the night of the 14 it began a movement toward the East-northeast and later to the northeast. In the morning of the 15 it was absorbed inside the front flow of a deep upper trough located to the east of the United States that accelerated it.
Since the afternoon of the 15 it began to gain in organization and intensity to reach the hurricane category again in the night. The maximum intensity was achieved in the afternoon of the 16, when the central pressure dropped down to 985 hPa and the winds increased until 130 km/h. On Fig. 7 the cloud pattern associated to Florence corresponding to that afternoon is shown.
Fig. 7. Hurricane Florence. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, September 16 of 2000 19:45 UTC.
When gaining latitude Florence began to move on colder water and in the night it was downgraded to tropical storm. The storm continued absorbed in the flow of the mean tropospheric trough located on the northeast of the United States and it turned its trajectory more to the North-northeast in the morning of the 17. In the afternoon its circulation was absorbed by an extensive extratropical low located on Canada, losing its identity about 70 kilometers to the northeast of Cape Race, Newfoundland.
September 14–18
Tropical depression number 11 originated in the morning of the 14 within a tropical wave on the oriental coast of Yucatan, between Cozumel and Chetumal, producing strong rainfall in parts of Central America, with a total of 24 deaths reported in the area, mainly in Guatemala.
The circulation of the depression on surface was uncoupled in the vertical with that of the mean levels during the day 14 and part of the 15. In the satellite images of the night of the 15 it is appreciated that the center had developed more to the northeast, toward the deep convection and the outflow mechanism had improved. After slowly crossing the northeast portion of the peninsula of Yucatan, Gordon was classified as a tropical storm that night according to the reports of a reconnaissance aircraft, when it was already over the Gulf of Mexico. From the morning of the 16 it directed the trajectory to the North-northeast, then was absorbed in the front flow of an upper trough located in the west of the mentioned gulf. In the afternoon of that day it was upgraded to hurricane, with maximum winds of 120 km/h. The Fig. 8 shows the cloudy pattern that accompanied Gordon in the moment of its classification as hurricane.
Fig. 8. Hurricane Gordon. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, September 16 of 2000 20:45 UTC.
In the night of the 16 the convection associated to Gordon increased and it presented a good outflow mechanism in the East semicircle, in the dawn of the 17 a minimum central pressure of 981 hPa was reported. However, in the morning it met with an atmosphere of high shear, which caused a loss of intensity being degraded to tropical storm in the afternoon. The storm reached the coast in hours of the night to the north of Cedar Key, with a cloud pattern not characteristic of a tropical hurricane. It produced strong precipitation in the southeast of the US, while in the central and south portions of Florida some tornadoes were reported. At its pass trough the US the tropical storm caused damages for $11 million US dollars. In the morning of the 18 it was downgraded to tropical depression and finally became an extratropical low over the state of Georgia.
This system, when moving on the southeast of the Gulf of Mexico influenced on Cuba with strong rainfall on the western end, with significant accumulates of 263.7 mm in 24 hours at Cape San Antonio. Here maximum sustained winds of until 65 km/h and gusts of up to 84 km/h were registered in the dawn of the 16. Slight coastal floods also took place in the low areas of the south coast of Pinar del Río and Havana provinces.
September 15–25
Tropical depression number twelve had its origin in a tropical wave in the afternoon of the 15 about 815 kilometers to the east of the north group of the Lesser Antilles. The depression was submitted to an atmosphere of high shear and it vanished on the morning of the following day. Its remainders continued moving quickly toward the west as a strong tropical wave.
The tropical wave entered the Caribbean Sea, organized again and in the afternoon of the 19 it was classified again as a weak tropical depression in the vicinity of Cayman Islands. It began a movement then to the West-northwest that took it on the 20 at noon to cross over the western end of Cuba very weakened. The areas of stronger rainfall associated to the depression affected the west half of Pinar del Río, with one significant accumulate in 24 hours of 93.1 mm at Isabel Rubio.
When passing to the Gulf of Mexico it inclined the trajectory more to the northwest and the associated cloud pattern began to improve. In the dawn of the 21 it inclined its direction more to the north. In the morning it was classified as a tropical storm, according to the reports of a reconnaissance aircraft and in the afternoon the intensity of its winds was of 100 km/h with a minimum central pressure of 996 hPa. However, that afternoon a strong vertical shear located to the west of Helene separated its center from the deep convection, which is shown on Fig. 9.
Moving by the northwest periphery of an anticyclone located to the east and inside a hostile atmosphere, Helene weakened further, then impinged on the North American territory to the north and near Fort Walton Beach, Florida, in the early morning of the 22. In the afternoon Helene was seen as an extensive vortex of low clouds, with the convection to the east of the center, on the state of Georgia. It continued moving to the northeast over the southeast of the United States as a tropical depression.
Fig. 9. Tropical storm Helene. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-10, September 21 of 2000 21:00 UTC.
Even with a strong vertical wind shear, the deep convection began to intensify and in a later analysis of the Hurricane Center of the United States it was considered that Helene underwent a reintensification process, reaching in the dawn of the day 25, before being absorbed by a cold front, a central pressure of 986 hPa and maximum sustained winds of 110 km/h.
The damages caused in the US were estimated in 16 million US dollars.
September 21 –October 1st
Tropical depression number 13 had its origin in the morning of September 21 in a strong tropical wave about 360 kilometers to the south of the Islands of Cabo Verde. In its advance toward the West-northwest, the depression continued gaining organization and intensity and it became the tropical storm Isaac in hours of the night of that same day. In the afternoon of the 23 it reached the hurricane category.
Isaac had a quick developing process and in the night of the 23 it was classified as a hurricane of category 3. In the morning of the following day it suffered a temporary weakening and in the afternoon it was intense again. It stayed this way until the dawn of the 25. Isaac lost lightly in intensity on the morning of the 25 when it came under the influence of a shear from the Southwest, condition that affected it during the rest of that day and on the 26.
Since its formation, the hurricane moved to the West-northwest to the south of a subtropical anticyclonic ridge up to the 27 in that it inclined the trajectory to the northwest. With this movement it went into in an atmosphere where the shear was weak or almost null, for that reason it began to intensify again and in the night it reached the category 3. In the afternoon of the 28 Isaac presented the maximum intensity, with winds of the order of 225 km/h and the minimum pressure of 943 hPa, for what ended up being a hurricane of category 4. On Fig. 10 the classic convective cloud pattern with circular appearance, a very well defined eye absorbed in a central dense cloudy cover, besides a magnificent outflow mechanism are shown.
Fig. 10. Hurricane Isaac. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, September 28 of 2000 18:15 UTC.
Isaac remained a hurricane of category 4 during that afternoon and basically an intense hurricane until the morning of the 29. Starting from that moment it began the recurvature, moving then toward the first quadrant. In the night it was exposed to a shear of the Southwest and its cloud pattern began deteriorating gradually. Absorbed the system in a flow of the Southwest, it continued weakening and in the dawn of October the first, it was downgraded to tropical storm, losing the tropical characteristics to the West-northwest and at some distance of the Azores.
September 25–October 2
Tropical depression number 14 was formed in a tropical wave in the afternoon of September 25 about 795 kilometers to the West-southwest of the islands of Cabo Verde. In hours of the night of that same day, the configuration of the cloud pattern associated to the depression allowed to classify it as tropical storm Joyce.
In its advance toward the west, Joyce continued gaining organization and intensity and in the morning of the 27 it was classified as hurricane, reaching its maximum intensity in hours of the night of that day, with winds of the order of the 150 km/h and a minimum central pressure of 976. Hurricane Joyce was characterized by presenting a small interior core, As it is shown on Fig. 11.
This system moved west since it originated until the day 27, due to the presence of a strong anticyclonic ridge to the north. During the 28 it turned its trajectory toward the West-southwest, but later it went again with a course basically to the west.
In the morning of the 29 the system is sheared, with the exposed center to the west of a small convective area. The uncoupling of the circulation was caused by strong winds from the east in the low levels. This situation caused Joyce to lose the hurricane category that morning.
Fig. 11. Hurricane Joyce. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, September 27 of 2000 19:15 UTC.
At the end of the dawn of October the first the storm made a slight inflection in its trajectory toward the West-northwest that took it to penetrate the Oriental Caribbean to the south and very near Granada at the end of the morning. The following day in the morning the data reported by a reconnaissance aircraft, together with the surface observations and the representation of the cloud field, indicated that the circulation in the low levels had vanished and it was possible to identify only a tropical wave.
September 28–October 6
Tropical depression number 15 had its origin in an area of disturbance that was activated with the arrival of a tropical wave. This depression was formed in the Western Caribbean about 115 kilometers to the North-northeast of Cape Gracias a Dios, in the afternoon of September 28. With very slow movement to the West-northwest, it continued gaining organization and intensity, being classified in the afternoon of the 29 as tropical storm Keith and in the morning of the 30 as hurricane. From that morning it began to move with more slowness drifting toward the west.
The process of developing of Keith continued until the first day of October at dawn when a minimum central pressure of 939 hPa was reached, with maximum sustained winds estimated at 225 km/h on surface (category 4 on the of Saffir - Simpson scale). As a hurricane of category 4 it remained until the morning of that day. On Fig. 12 the cloud pattern associated to Keith in the moments it reached its peak is shown. On October the first it continued absorbed in weak haulage currents, remaining quasistationary and very close to the coasts of Belize up to the 2.
Fig. 12. Hurricane Keith. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, October 1 of 2000 12:46 UTC.
The interaction of its circulation with land areas and the increment of the shear of the east caused a weakening of the system, which lost the hurricane category in hours of the night. Finally Keith began a movement toward the West-northwest in the dawn of the 3, making landfall by the north end of Belize. In the morning it was degraded to tropical depression and with that classification it crossed the peninsula of Yucatan leaving to the Gulf of Campeche in the dawn of the 4. Once over the water of the mentioned gulf, it began its intensification process again, being classified in hours of the afternoon of the 4 as tropical storm and in the dawn of the 5 as hurricane.
Keith continued moving to the West-northwest and it made landfall on the Mexican coasts in the first hours of the afternoon of the day 5 by the vicinity of Tampico, with winds of about 150 km/h. The displacement over terrestrial areas caused a quick weakening, dissipating over the northeast of Mexico on day 6.
The slow displacement of Keith caused torrential rainfall in Belize and other countries of Central America. The most remarkable accumulate it was of 813 millimeters in the international airport Phillip Goodson in Belize City. Superior accumulates may have been produced to the east and the north of the center of the hurricane when it stayed with very little movement. The torrential rainfall caused big floods and the death of 19 people, five in Belize, twelve in Nicaragua, one in Honduras and one in Yucatan. The damages in Belize were considered in some $200 million American dollars, mainly in the agriculture and the tourism.
October 4 - 7
Tropical storm Leslie was developed from the first subtropical depression classified in the season. This depression originated in an area of disturbance, associated to an outer band of hurricane Keith, the one that on October 2, coming from the Caribbean, crossed over the central and western provinces of Cuba. In hours of the night that same day, the Casablanca radar observed a convective area in the form of a coma over the Florida Strait, about 150 kilometers to the northwest of the station.
That meteorological situation caused intense rainfall, with accumulates of more than 100 mm in 24 hours between days 2 and 3 in some areas of the central and western regions of Cuba. Examples of them are those accumulates of 185.5 mm at Topes of Collantes and 164.3 mm at Trinidad, province of Sancti Spíritus; 144.0 mm in Júcaro, Ciego de Avila; 139.0 mm in Indio Hatuey, Matanzas and 118.4 mm in Cienfuegos; besides 116.0 mm in Melena del Sur and 209.6 in Batabanó, province of Havana.
On day 3 the area of disturbance continued gaining latitude and it also influenced with remarkable precipitation on Florida, where it caused big economic losses. In hours of the afternoon of the 4 it was classified as subtropical depression number 1, when it was about 85 kilometers to the northeast of Daytona Beach, Florida. The classification as a subtropical system was given, mainly, as the strongest winds and the biggest precipitation was quite far away and to the east of the center.
With a movement toward the East-northeast, in the morning of the 5 data reported by a reconnaissance aircraft reflected a contraction of the field of wind, with speed of about 80 km/h at the flight level. This motivated that the system was classified as a tropical storm. The deep convection was in the vicinity of the circulation center defined by low clouds, at a distance of about 85 kilometers, almost in the limit for the classification as a storm according to the D'Vorak technique, applied for sheared cloud patterns. An example of this is presented on Fig.13.
Leslie was the whole time in an atmosphere of high shear. Also, it stayed absorbed in the westerlies, with movement to the East-northeast until the morning of the 6, when it turned the trajectory more to the northeast. In the afternoon of that day it was degraded to tropical depression and in the morning of the 7 the circulation at low levels lengthened, at the same time that it associated to a strong cold front. The extratropicalización process happened on the sea near the coasts of the northeast of the United States.
The maximum sustained winds didn't surpass the 65 km/h and the minimum central pressure was of 1006 hPa.
Fig. 13. Tropical storm Leslie. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, October 5 of 2000 15:15 UTC.
October 16 - 19
Tropical depression number 17 formed in the night of October 16 starting from an extratropical low that gradually acquired tropical characteristics, about 650 kilometers to the West-southwest of the Bermuda Islands. With an express intensification process, it reached the category of tropical storm in the dawn of the 17 and in the afternoon that of hurricane. Fig. 14 shows the cloud pattern associated to Michael, with a very well defined eye on that afternoon. In those moments its trajectory completed a small loop, to move later slowly heading for the north.
From the day 18 the hurricane was dragged to the northeast and later to the North-northeast by a trough of the west that moved over the coast of the United States. The 19 at noon a ship that was near the wall of the eye reported winds of up to 160 Km/h and pressure values of 965.5 hPa. That moment coincided with its maximum intensity. Finally, Michael as an extratropical system made landfall in Newfoundland at the end of the afternoon.
Fig. 14. Hurricane Michael. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, October 17 of 2000 18:15 UTC.
October 19 - 21
Tropical depression number 18 originated in the afternoon of October 19 in an area of disturbance, about 645 kilometers to the southeast of the Bermuda Islands. In hours of the morning of day 20 it was classified as tropical storm and in the night it reached the maximum intensity, with winds of up to 95 km/h and the minimum central pressure of 997 hPa. On Fig. 15 the cloudy pattern associated to Nadine that night is presented, where a strong convection and a magnificent outflow mechanism reflected by a band of transverse cirrus in the west semicircle is observed.
With that intensity it remained until the afternoon of the 21 when it began to go into in an atmosphere of high shear and of dry air. Its cloud pattern began to lose the typical structure of a tropical organism and already in hours of the night it began the process of extratropicalization quickly as it interacted with a front system, about 1205 kilometers of End Race, Newfoundland.
During its time of existence, Nadine maintained a course basically between the North-northeast and the northeast, moving over the Atlantic without affecting any land.
Fig. 15. Tropical storm Nadine. Vis. Image of satellite GOES-8, October 21 of 2000 02:15 UTC.
